Alzheimer's Disease

Eddy Smith

@eddysmith

Causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and criteria, treatments and prognoses for Alzheimer's Disease, a common cause of dementia, usually in older adults.

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Eddy Smith

@eddysmith

Causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and criteria, treatments and prognoses for Alzheimer's Disease, a common cause of dementia, usually in older adults.

Alzheimer's Disease - NIH

Alzheimer's disease is a brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. It begins slowly and gets worse over time. Currently, it has no cure.
https://nihseniorhealth.gov/alzheimersdisease/whatisalzheimersdisease/01.html
Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities.
https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html
Understanding Alzheimer's Disease: the Basics - WebMD

Alzheimer's is a disease that robs people of their memory. At first, people have a hard time remembering recent events, though they might easily recall things that happened years ago.
http://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/guide/understanding-alzheimers-disease-basics
About Alzheimer's Disease: Alzheimer's Basics - NIH

Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks.
https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/topics/alzheimers-basics
7 Stages of Alzheimer's Disease and What They Look Like - WebMD

WebMD explains what you can expect as your loved one with Alzheimer's moves through the different stages of the disease.
http://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/guide/alzheimers-disease-stages
Alzheimers Disease and Caregiving

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a condition that causes abnormal changes in the brain mainly affecting memory and other mental abilities.
https://www.caregiver.org/alzheimers-disease-caregiving
Welcome to Journal of Alzheimer's Disease - Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimers disease information from the Journal of Alzheimers Disease.
http://www.j-alz.com
Alzheimer's Disease Treatment - Alzheimer's Center - EverydayHealth

Learn what caregivers can do to help the person with early-stage Alzheimer's on EverydayHealth.com.
http://www.everydayhealth.com/alzheimers-treatment.aspx
Alzheimer's Disease: Symptoms, Stages, and Treatments - Medicinenet

Learn about Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia. Some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are memory loss, problems performing familiar tasks, vision problems, and personality changes. Causes, stages, and treatments are provided.
http://www.medicinenet.com/alzheimers_disease_causes_stages_and_symptoms/article.htm
Alzheimer's Disease: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments - Medical News Today

Find out what causes the neurological disorder Alzheimer's disease and about signs and symptoms, tests, and management of this form of dementia (memory loss and cognitive decline).
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159442.php
NIHSeniorHealth: Alzheimer's Disease - What Is Alzheimer's Disease?

NIHSeniorHealth Alzheimers Disease.
http://nihseniorhealth.gov/alzheimersdisease/whatisalzheimersdisease/01.html
Alzheimer's Disease - Mayo Clinic

Alzheimer's disease - Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, causes, treatment of this debilitating disorder.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/home/ovc-20167098
Alzheimer's Disease - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as Alzheimer disease, or just Alzheimer's, accounts for 60% to 70% of cases of dementia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease
Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet - National Institute on Aging

Get the facts about Alzheimers disease, the most common cause of dementia. Learn about symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, caregiving, and research.
https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet
Alzheimer's Association - What Is Alzheimer's?

Learn about Alzheimer's disease, dementia and memory loss symptoms, causes and risk factors and understand their relation to normal aging and brain function.
http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers.asp

Comments

Alzheimer's disease
Other names	Alzheimer's dementia

Diagram of a normal brain compared to the brain of a person with Alzheimer's
Pronunciation	/ˈæltshaɪmərz/, US also /ˈɑːlts-/
Specialty	Neurology
Symptoms	Memory loss/Loss of STM ↓ communication skills/problems with language Disorientation Mood swings^[1]^[2] ↓ concentration ↓ learning & ↓ reasoning Changes in personality ↑ dependence on a caretaker ↓ response to outside world Physical changes such as posture, deconditioning, weight loss/gain May exhibit restlessness Sleep disturbances Hostility Combativeness
Complications	Infections, falls and aspiration pneumonia in the terminal stage^[3]
Usual onset	Over 65 years old^[4]
Duration	Long term^[2]
Causes	Cause is unknown; poorly understood; genetic basis possible Loss of neurons and the development of plaque / tangles in the brain impair function
Risk factors	Non-modifiable: Age: 81% are older than 75 years of age Genetic mutations in APOE-e4 gene and/or Amyloid precursor proteins Family history Prior MCI/TBI / just head injuries Genetics Modifiable: Diabetes Hypertension^[1],/Midlife hypertension Obesity Depression/Clinical depression Smoking Low educational attainment Social and cognitive engagement Psychological stress^[5] Lack of physical/Physical inactivity^[6] and mental^[5]^[7] exercise
Diagnostic method	First rule out other causes of organic brain disease Then diagnostic criteria: examine memory & cognitive disturbances Progressive, neurologic examination -> sensory & motor deficits In later stages, brain scans -> brain atrophy, widened sulci, enlarged cerebral ventricles Based on symptoms and cognitive testing after ruling out other possible causes^[8]
Differential diagnosis	Normal brain aging,^[1] Lewy body dementia,^[9] Trisomy 21^[10]
Treatment	Supportive & symptomatic Drug therapy ↑ client’s ability to cope with frustration level ↑ self-care (fluid intake, nutrition, personal hygiene) ↑ mobility & remaining mental abilities Injury prevention Emotional support (client & family)
Medication	Certain medications can help with memory symptoms and other cognitive changes: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists^[11]
Prognosis	Life expectancy 3–12 years^[11]^[12]^[13] No cure known Drug therapy may delay progression Disease usually indicates custodial care
Frequency	50 million (2020)^[14]
Named after	Alois Alzheimer

Source : Wikipedia under CC-BY-SA license

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Alzheimer's Disease - NIH

Alzheimer's disease is a brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. It begins slowly and gets worse over time. Currently, it has no cure.
https://nihseniorhealth.gov/alzheimersdisease/whatisalzheimersdisease/01.html
Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among older people. Dementia is a brain disorder that seriously affects a person's ability to carry out daily activities.
https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html
Understanding Alzheimer's Disease: the Basics - WebMD

Alzheimer's is a disease that robs people of their memory. At first, people have a hard time remembering recent events, though they might easily recall things that happened years ago.
http://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/guide/understanding-alzheimers-disease-basics
About Alzheimer's Disease: Alzheimer's Basics - NIH

Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest tasks.
https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/topics/alzheimers-basics
7 Stages of Alzheimer's Disease and What They Look Like - WebMD

WebMD explains what you can expect as your loved one with Alzheimer's moves through the different stages of the disease.
http://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/guide/alzheimers-disease-stages
Alzheimers Disease and Caregiving

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a condition that causes abnormal changes in the brain mainly affecting memory and other mental abilities.
https://www.caregiver.org/alzheimers-disease-caregiving
Welcome to Journal of Alzheimer's Disease - Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimers disease information from the Journal of Alzheimers Disease.
http://www.j-alz.com
Alzheimer's Disease Treatment - Alzheimer's Center - EverydayHealth

Learn what caregivers can do to help the person with early-stage Alzheimer's on EverydayHealth.com.
http://www.everydayhealth.com/alzheimers-treatment.aspx
Alzheimer's Disease: Symptoms, Stages, and Treatments - Medicinenet

Learn about Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia. Some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are memory loss, problems performing familiar tasks, vision problems, and personality changes. Causes, stages, and treatments are provided.
http://www.medicinenet.com/alzheimers_disease_causes_stages_and_symptoms/article.htm
Alzheimer's Disease: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments - Medical News Today

Find out what causes the neurological disorder Alzheimer's disease and about signs and symptoms, tests, and management of this form of dementia (memory loss and cognitive decline).
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159442.php
NIHSeniorHealth: Alzheimer's Disease - What Is Alzheimer's Disease?

NIHSeniorHealth Alzheimers Disease.
http://nihseniorhealth.gov/alzheimersdisease/whatisalzheimersdisease/01.html
Alzheimer's Disease - Mayo Clinic

Alzheimer's disease - Comprehensive overview covers symptoms, causes, treatment of this debilitating disorder.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alzheimers-disease/home/ovc-20167098
Alzheimer's Disease - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known as Alzheimer disease, or just Alzheimer's, accounts for 60% to 70% of cases of dementia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease
Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet - National Institute on Aging

Get the facts about Alzheimers disease, the most common cause of dementia. Learn about symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, caregiving, and research.
https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet
Alzheimer's Association - What Is Alzheimer's?

Learn about Alzheimer's disease, dementia and memory loss symptoms, causes and risk factors and understand their relation to normal aging and brain function.
http://www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers.asp

Alzheimer's disease
Other names	Alzheimer's dementia

Diagram of a normal brain compared to the brain of a person with Alzheimer's
Pronunciation	/ˈæltshaɪmərz/, US also /ˈɑːlts-/
Specialty	Neurology
Symptoms	Memory loss/Loss of STM ↓ communication skills/problems with language Disorientation Mood swings^[1]^[2] ↓ concentration ↓ learning & ↓ reasoning Changes in personality ↑ dependence on a caretaker ↓ response to outside world Physical changes such as posture, deconditioning, weight loss/gain May exhibit restlessness Sleep disturbances Hostility Combativeness
Complications	Infections, falls and aspiration pneumonia in the terminal stage^[3]
Usual onset	Over 65 years old^[4]
Duration	Long term^[2]
Causes	Cause is unknown; poorly understood; genetic basis possible Loss of neurons and the development of plaque / tangles in the brain impair function
Risk factors	Non-modifiable: Age: 81% are older than 75 years of age Genetic mutations in APOE-e4 gene and/or Amyloid precursor proteins Family history Prior MCI/TBI / just head injuries Genetics Modifiable: Diabetes Hypertension^[1],/Midlife hypertension Obesity Depression/Clinical depression Smoking Low educational attainment Social and cognitive engagement Psychological stress^[5] Lack of physical/Physical inactivity^[6] and mental^[5]^[7] exercise
Diagnostic method	First rule out other causes of organic brain disease Then diagnostic criteria: examine memory & cognitive disturbances Progressive, neurologic examination -> sensory & motor deficits In later stages, brain scans -> brain atrophy, widened sulci, enlarged cerebral ventricles Based on symptoms and cognitive testing after ruling out other possible causes^[8]
Differential diagnosis	Normal brain aging,^[1] Lewy body dementia,^[9] Trisomy 21^[10]
Treatment	Supportive & symptomatic Drug therapy ↑ client’s ability to cope with frustration level ↑ self-care (fluid intake, nutrition, personal hygiene) ↑ mobility & remaining mental abilities Injury prevention Emotional support (client & family)
Medication	Certain medications can help with memory symptoms and other cognitive changes: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists^[11]
Prognosis	Life expectancy 3–12 years^[11]^[12]^[13] No cure known Drug therapy may delay progression Disease usually indicates custodial care
Frequency	50 million (2020)^[14]
Named after	Alois Alzheimer

Source : Wikipedia under CC-BY-SA license

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Alzheimer's Disease

Causes, symptoms, diagnostic procedures and criteria, treatments and prognoses for Alzheimer's Disease, a common cause of dementia, usually in older adults.

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