Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | |
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Other names | Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) |
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Section of a lung showing centrilobular emphysema, with enlarged airspaces in the centre of a lobule usually caused by smoking and a major feature of COPD | |
Specialty | Pulmonology |
Symptoms | Shortness of breath, chronic cough[1] Sputum production |
Complications | Anxiety, depression, pulmonary heart disease, pneumothorax[2][1] |
Usual onset | Over 35 years old[1] |
Duration | Long term[1] |
Causes | Tobacco smoking, air pollution, genetics[3] |
Diagnostic method | Spirometry[4] |
Differential diagnosis | Asthma, congestive heart failure, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, obliterative bronchiolitis, diffuse panbronchiolitis[5] |
Prevention | Stopping smoking, improving indoor and outdoor air quality, tobacco control measures[3][6] |
Treatment | Pulmonary rehabilitation, long-term oxygen therapy, lung volume reduction,[6] |
Medication | Inhaled bronchodilators and steroids[6] |
Frequency | 213 million (2021);[7] 2.7% of global population[7] |
Deaths | 3.65 million (2021);[8] 5% of global deaths[3] |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | |
---|---|
Other names | Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD) |
![]() |
|
Section of a lung showing centrilobular emphysema, with enlarged airspaces in the centre of a lobule usually caused by smoking and a major feature of COPD | |
Specialty | Pulmonology |
Symptoms | Shortness of breath, chronic cough[1] Sputum production |
Complications | Anxiety, depression, pulmonary heart disease, pneumothorax[2][1] |
Usual onset | Over 35 years old[1] |
Duration | Long term[1] |
Causes | Tobacco smoking, air pollution, genetics[3] |
Diagnostic method | Spirometry[4] |
Differential diagnosis | Asthma, congestive heart failure, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, obliterative bronchiolitis, diffuse panbronchiolitis[5] |
Prevention | Stopping smoking, improving indoor and outdoor air quality, tobacco control measures[3][6] |
Treatment | Pulmonary rehabilitation, long-term oxygen therapy, lung volume reduction,[6] |
Medication | Inhaled bronchodilators and steroids[6] |
Frequency | 213 million (2021);[7] 2.7% of global population[7] |
Deaths | 3.65 million (2021);[8] 5% of global deaths[3] |